Although we live in an era of evidence-based medicine, case histories have always had an important role in medical education. This book aims to provide complex case-based learning in pleural medicine, which is an integral part of respiratory medicine. It delivers practical knowledge learned through the experience of leading international authorities. Each case comprises clinical history, investigations, diagnosis, management, and detailed answers with discussion and key points. These interesting/challenging/puzzling real case histories will stimulate the reader’s mind with interactive questions and answers, imparting in-depth knowledge in diagnosis and management of complex pleural cases.