The mesentery is that part of the lining of the abdominal cavity that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other abdominal organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen. Recent discoveries related to the human mesentery offer an opportunity to reappraise it across a wide range of scientific and clinical disciplines. This book provides novel insights into the human mesenteric organ, which will be described in terms of history, anatomy, embryology, histology, pathology, radiology, surgery, oncology, and education.