Recent advances in the understanding of brain functions are reviewed in this text, along with how neurobiological research and brain imaging contributes to identifying and treating neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Chapters focus on consciousness, memory, emotions, language, communication, trauma, pain and resilience, while exploring how stressful events impact mental health and interrupt the continuity of one's sense of self. Clinical vignettes of patients with neurological and mental affections reveal coping and grieving processes in dreams and narratives. This presentation of clinical experience with neuro-scientific evidence provides neurologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and psychologists with a coherent picture of the brain-mind relationship.